An IoT-Based System: Big Urban Traffic Data Mining Through Airborne Pollutant Gases Analysis

Nowadays, in developing countries including Iran, the number of vehicles is increasing due to growing population. This has recently led to waste time getting stuck in traffic, take more time for daily commute, and increase accidents. So it is necessary to control traffic congestion by traffic police officers, expand paths efficiently and choose the best way for decreasing the traffic by citizens. Therefore, it is important to have the knowledge of instant traffic in each lane. Todays, many traffic organization services such as traffic police officer and urban traffic control system use traffic cameras, inductive sensors, satellite images, radar sensors, ultrasonic technology and radio-frequency identification (RFID) for urban traffic diagnosis. But this method has some problems such as inefficiency in heavy traffic influenced by condition of the air and inability to detect parallel traffic. Our method suggested in this article detects traffic congestion based on IOT containing a smart system that gives us traffic congestion by calculating the air pollution amount in that area. According to conducted experiment, the results were satisfied

Assessment of Macular Thickness in Healthy Eyes Using Cirrus HD-OCT: A Cross-Sectional Study

We aimed to determine normal macular thickness using Cirrus high definition optical coherence tomography. In this cross-sectional survey, 112 subjects were selected using random sampling from the Rasht telephone directory. All subjects underwent complete eye examinations. Both eyes of each patient were evaluated. The creation of a macular thickness map using a macular cube 512 × 128 combo was optional. The average thickness of the retina was determined in 9 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) regions. To assess reproducibility and system reliability, the thickness of the retina was measured up to 5 times in 10 healthy subjects. The coefficient of variation was then calculated for each individual. The coefficient of variation of macular thickness within 1 mm of the center was 0.15 - 1.33%. The means and standard deviations of central subfield thickness (CST), macular thickness (MT), and macular volume (MV) were 245.44 ± 20.39 µm, 277.9 ± 12.0 µm, and 9.98 ± 0.43 mm3, respectively. The mean CST (P < 0.0001), MT (P = 0.038), and MV (P = 0.030) were significantly higher in men than in women. In addition, regardless of age or sex, macular thickness increased when moving from within 1 mm of the center to 3 mm and 6 mm away from the center, so that the upper 3 mm (S3) was the thickest region, and the temporal 6 mm (T6) was the thinnest region in the ETDRS regions. The mean MT of healthy subjects was 280.67 ± 12.79 µm in men and 276.63 ± 11.61 µm in women. Therefore, the macula is significantly thicker in men than in women (P = 0.038).Â

Buckling Behaviour Improvement of Steel Plate Shear Walls with and without Openings

Steel plate shear wall (SPSW) is an effective lateral load-resisting system rapidly gaining the attention of many researchers and structural engineers. The system is designed and constructed primarily in seismically active regions. Conventional SPSW uses thin unstiffened steel infill plates, which act as the main ductile fuse of the lateral load-resisting system. It is often required to have openings in the infill plate. One of the main reasons for having an opening in the infill plate is to provide a place for nonstructural elements such as windows or doors. However, when subjected to lateral loads, deformations around the openings are a concern that must be considered. The main objective of this study is to prevent the out-of-plane deformation of the openings and find a practical and efficient solution for this issue. A recognized method commonly used to prevent the buckling of thin steel plate shear walls is attaching stiffeners on the infill plate. Thus, using stiffeners around the opening is the main consideration as a solution for the addressed issue. Commonly used stiffened plates are extensively stiffened and have a relatively large number of stiffeners. This can make the stiffened SPSW system quite expensive and unpopular. This study aims to prevent the deformation of the openings by using as few stiffeners as possible. In the first part of this research work, the behaviour of stiffened steel plate shear walls is studied analytically and numerically. The analytical study is done by the plate-frame interaction (PFI) model, and the numerical analysis is done using ABAQUS. The analytical study shows that stiffeners in the stiffened infill plate can increase elastic stiffness by 53% and the shear strength by about 15%. A series of SPSW models with horizontal and vertical stiffeners are analyzed, and their buckling behaviour is studied. A close agreement between the PFI method and the finite element analysis is observed. Based on the analysis, an improved stiffness criterion for designing stiffeners in stiffened SPSWs is proposed. FE analysis shows that the proposed stiffness criterion is effective in preventing the global buckling of the stiffened infill plates in SPSWs In the second part, SPSWs with a rectangular opening are studied using finite element analysis. The results for unstiffened plates show very large deformations around the opening. Different stiffener layouts to prevent deformations are considered and analyzed. The results show that all considered layouts are effective in preventing the deformation around the opening. Based on the analysis, an effective stiffener layout is selected. FE analysis shows that the proposed stiffener layout can improve the behaviour of SPSWs with rectangular openings. FE models with different opening locations and sizes are also analyzed. Analysis shows that the shear strength of the stiffened infill plate depends only on the length of the rectangular opening. It is also observed that the location of the rectangular opening does not have any significant effect on the strength of the infill plate. Finally, a shear strength equation is proposed for the infill plate stiffened with the proposed stiffener layout around the rectangular opening. In the last part, two one-third-scale single-storey SPSWs are tested. The specimens have a rectangular opening at the center of the plate, and the openings are reinforced using the proposed stiffener layout. The two specimens are identical in size, and the only difference between the specimens is the size of the opening. Cyclic quasi-static loading is applied at the top of the specimens. Various instruments are used to monitor the behaviour of the specimens during the experiment. Both tests show that deformations around the opening are successfully restrained. Test results also show stable hysteresis curves and good energy dissipation capacity for both specimens. In the end, a 4-storey finite element model with a large rectangular opening is selected, and seismic analysis is performed on the model with and without stiffeners. Eleven historical records are selected and scaled for the seismic analysis. Seismic analysis shows that the proposed stiffener layout around the opening can prevent out-of-plane deformation around the opening in the SPSW system

Intelligent GPS Spoofing Attack Detection in Power Grids

The GPS is vulnerable to GPS spoofing attack (GSA), which leads to disorder in time and position results of the GPS receiver. In power grids, phasor measurement units (PMUs) use GPS to build time-tagged measurements, so they are susceptible to this attack. As a result of this attack, sampling time and phase angle of the PMU measurements change. In this paper, a neural network GPS spoofing detection (NNGSD) with employing PMU data from the dynamic power system is presented to detect GSAs. Numerical results in different conditions show the real-time performance of the proposed detection method

Comparative evaluation of incorporation calcium silicate and calcium phosphate nanoparticles on biomimetic dentin remineralization and bioactivity in an etch-and-rinse adhesive system

This study aimed to evaluate the remineralization potential and bioactivity of adhesives, containing amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) and calcium silicate (CS) nanoparticles (NPs). In this study, dentin slices (n=60) were prepared and etched with phos

Information technology adoption in small and medium-sized enterprises; an appraisal of two decades literature

Small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) account for major source of employment, technological advancements, and competitive advantages for both developed and developing countries. Owing to the intensified competitive pressure and necessity for entering to global market undergone by SMEs, these businesses are incrementally employing Information Technology (IT) to take advantage of its substantial benefits. Most of prior researches have more focused on IT adoption in large organizations. However, and with regard to the limited resources controlled by SMEs, the process of IT adoption in this business sector is considerably different. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and contrast the internal and external issues affecting the process of IT adoption in SMEs to provide clearer understanding of this process by reviewing IT adoption literature, which includes more than 20 years of empirical research and case studies from a variety of databases with high concentration on certain SME-related issues. Proposed integrated framework demonstrates the process of IT adoption in SMEs through reviewing exiting perspectives in the literature. This study will assist different parties involved with adoption process including managers, vendors, consultants, and governments to achieve a practical synopsis of the IT adoption process in SMEs, which is believed to assist them with successful adoption

Designing a model to empower the educational system performance of agricultural vocational schools

This research aimed to compare the perspective of trainers and trainees at agricultural vocational schools in Iran regarding the empowerment of the educational system. It is an applied study in orientation, a hypothesis-testing study in goal, and a comparative causal study in strategy. Data were collected with a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population was composed of all trainers and trainees of the agricultural vocational schools in the 2020-2021 educational year amounting to 1119 trainees and 120 trainers, out of whom 169 trainees were sampled by simple randomisation and 120 trainers were sampled by the consensus method to participate in the research. The data were analysed in the Smart PLS3 and SPSS version 23 software packages. In addition to the descriptive statistics, the construct validity and the fit of the model were determined by confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling. The management process, the educational process, curriculum content, technical teacher training, and the supply of space, equipment, and technology have positive and significant effects on the empowerment of the educational system at the agricultural vocational schools in both the trainers' and trainees’ groups. The empowerment of the educational system at agricultural vocational schools is effective in achieving quality assurance in the educational system and subsequently, improving its quality continuously. This paper contributes to developing a theoretical framework by considering the dimensions and components underpinning an empowering educational system. This study is the first attempt to compare the perspective of trainers and trainees about an empowering educational system in agricultural vocational schools. The study provides a framework in which special attention is paid to the empowerment of the educational system at these schools so that the managers and trainers can work with more authority and play a role in improving the educational system of the agricultural vocational schools

Factor Analysis of Agricultural Development Indicators from Iranian Agriculture Experts’ Viewpoints

Agriculture and its development is the foundation of development in Iran as a developing country. So, it can be regarded as the foundation for economical and social development. The capabilities of agriculture sector are limited and its efficiency is trivial because of neglecting agricultural development and keeping its support just as a slogan. The transformation of agriculture to a developed, dynamic, efficient environment depends not only on appropriate climate and natural resources but also on human resource development in the relevant sector. The main purpose of the present research was to study and recognize agricultural development indicators from agriculture experts’ viewpoints (including researchers, trainers and extension experts) in six provinces in Iran on the basis of Adjacent Provinces Plan. The study was designed with three phases of theoretical foundations, field operations and data analysis. The statistical population was 863 experts, out of which 198 experts were selected by stratified sampling. The validity and reliability of measurement tool (questionnaire) was analyzed by SPSS software package. The study was a correlation-descriptive study in which factor analysis statistics was used in addition to descriptive statistics. Experts grouped indicators of future agricultural development in nine groups (access to inputs, application of technologies for the development of human resource and sustainability; reduction of losses; economical development; improvement of infrastructures; agricultural mechanization; social status; improvement of marketing; land reform; yield increase). Results about the difference in respondents’ viewpoints revealed significant differences in experts’ viewpoints in six studied province about relevant variables and in their viewpoints about the components of agricultural development (infrastructure improvement, marketing, optimum management and sustainability, human resource development and economical development)

Electronic commerce‐enabled supply chain process integration and business value

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to develop and test a model to analyze the relationships between three aspects of technical electronic commerce (EC)‐based information system (IS) resources; the supply chain process integration; and business value. Design/methodology/approach: The paper is consistent with the perspective on IS‐enabled organizational capabilities and resource based view of the firm. A questionnaire‐based survey was conducted to collect data from 214 supply chain, logistics, or procurement/purchasing managers of leading manufacturing firms. Findings: The findings suggest that supply chain process integration, a key EC‐enabled organizational capability, can enhance business value. We found that this capability serve as a catalyst in transforming technical EC‐based IS resources (technical quality of EC applications, EC advancements, and EC alignment) into higher value for a firm. Research limitations/implications: Among other limitations, this paper does not address human IS resources as the other potential determinants of firm's supply chain capabilities. Moreover, this study relies on cross‐sectional data. Practical implications: The results suggest that supply chain process integration is an important intermediate organizational capability through which value of EC‐based IS resources can be materialized. The technical aspects of EC‐based IS resources need to be developed to effectively form supply chain capabilities. Originality/value: The paper is perhaps one of the first to show theoretically and empirically how firms, in particular in developing countries, can generate business value from EC‐enabled supply chain process integration; also it broadens the scope of EC alignment in relation to process integration and business value to the entire supply chain

Relationship between Iron Deficiency Anemia and Febrile Seizures

ObjectiveFebrile seizure is the most common convulsive disorder in childhood. The role of iron in metabolism of neurotransmitters and carrying oxygen to the brain suggests the possibility of a relationship between iron deficiency anemia and febrile seizures.The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between iron deficiency anemia and febrile seizures.Materials & MethodsThis case - control study was performed on 132 cases and 88 controls, aged 9 months to 5 years, from July 2007 to June 2009 in Baqyiatallah Hospital. Patients were selected using simple random sampling. The case group included children with first febrile seizure (core temperature over 38.5˚C during  seizure) without a central nervous system infection or an acute brain insult. The control group included children suffering from a febrile illness without seizure. Iron deficiency anemia was defined with one of these laboratory indexes: 1) Hemoglobin (Hb) <10.5mg/dl 2) Plasma ferritin <12ng/dl 3) Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) <70  fl. The data collected from patients were analyzed with SPSS.13 software.ResultsLow plasma ferritin was found in 35 cases (26.5%) compared to 26 controls (29.5%), low Hb level was found in 4 cases (3%) compared to 6 controls (6.8%) and low MCV was found in 5 cases (3.8%) compared to 6 controls (6.8%).There was no significant difference in plasma ferritin , Hb level and MCV indices between the two group.ConclusionConsidering the above-mentioned results, there is no relationship between iron deficiency anemia and febrile seizures